+290 (second amendment interpretation 216: Argument For The Whole Amendment- 9)

 As usual, better thoughts occur to me after I post and here is one related to how the reference to the abstract of a common noun leads to actual instance(s). The having the capability argument I made there now seems to me unnecessary. Because it is clear the abstract of a common noun is just a mental thing and cannot exist in the world outside on its own. Therefore if the reference to the abstract was made for the world outside then there is already a targeted instance for that reference. In other words, it seems like whether it is the instance or the abstract we specify, the thing to which the reference was made is already there and the difference between those two kind of references is just a matter of from which part of it that thing gets picked up.

Using the same Jim lifted the boxes example of the preceding post  to explain the above we say that there Jim's capability for mere existence in the environment targeted by the sentence is not by itself sufficient to validate the sentence and therefore the reference to Jim needs to extend to the capabilities he has according to that environment. On the other hand, the mere reference  to the abstract of a common noun in a sentence targeting as its environment the world outside the thoughts is sufficient to have that reference include an instance of that common noun, because the abstract of a common noun cannot exist there on its own. 

Let's construct an analogy here.  I could look at a scene where one person is handing, let's say a long broom, to another, length wise. Now let us suppose that I look at another scene that is exactly identical in every thing to the first except that I can only see the two persons and only for the handing person I can also see his hand holding one side of the broom, because I am looking at the scene through two windows separated by a section of the wall where those windows exist. In this scene, as much as  I am sure that nothing can interrupt the broom and that the other person is there to receive the broom accordingly, I can say that the other side of the broom was handed like I do with the first scene where I am able to see everything. In this analogy the person who is to whom the broom should be handed represents the outside world, the person handing the broom represents the speaker of a sentence containing a reference to the abstract of a common noun, the handing of the broom is the speaking of that sentence, and the broom itself represents the reference to the whole combination of an instance and the abstract of that common noun with the side of the tip of the broom at the handing person representing the reference to the abstract of a common noun. Since no possibility of any thing going wrong exists here, one can take the reference to the abstract of a common noun, to include a reference to an instance of that common noun.   

Update:

The above seems to be still lacking and I intend to deal with that.